【小结】十大法律句型

【小结】十大法律句型

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  十大法律句型

  1. Otherwise

  unless the context otherwise requires

  除文意另有所指外

  A, B or otherwise

  A, B或以其他 手段身份等

  otherwise than

  不除外除非

  other than

  非除外

  Notice means written notice unless otherwise specifically stated and as further defined in these Articles.

  除另有其他明确规定外,通知指书面通知详见本章程详细规定。

  Except so far as otherwise provided by the conditions of issue, or by these Articles, any capital raised by the creation of new shares shall be treated as if it formed part of the original capital of the Company, and such shares shall be subject to the provisions contained in these Articles with reference to the payment of calls and installments, transfer and transmission, forfeiture, lien, cancellation, surrender, voting and otherwise.

  除股票发行条款或本章程另有规定外,对于因发行任何新股而募集的股本金而言,应视为其属于本公司原始股本的一部分,且就上述新股的催缴股金分期付款转让和继承罚没留置权撤销提交表决权和其他事项而言,均应适用本章程之规定。

  2. Subject to

  有时候其后也跟动作名词以为准,需易受影响,受到。

  The Company may from time to time by special resolution, subject to any confirmation or consent 动作名词 required by the Law, reduce its share capital or any capital redemption reserve or other undistributable reserve in any manner permitted by law.

  本公司有权随时通过特别决议的方式但须以获得本法要求的确认或许可为准,以法律准许的方式降低其股本或任何股本回赎储备金或其他不得执行分配的储备金。

  Subject to the provisions of the Law and the Companys Memorandum and Articles of Association and to any special rights conferred on the holders of any shares or class of shares

  根据本法及本公司组织大纲和章程之规定,并依据向任何股票或任何等级股票持有人授予的任何特定权利,

  Subject to compliance with the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange and any other relevant regulatory authority, the Company may give financial assistance for the purpose of or in connection with a purchase made or to be made by any person of any shares in the Company.

  在已遵守了指定证券交易所和任何其他相关监管机构的规则和规章的条件下,对于任何他人购买本公司任何股票的行为,本公司有权向其提供资金支持。

  3. Without prejudice to

  这个英文法律短语的功能相当于普通英文的without affecting,跟subject to.的句法结构相同,跟在without prejudice to这个短语之后的通常是一个指代某项法律条款的名词。但对有关事物或条款的规限程度,没有前者那么强硬。前者规限的程度是必须符合或依照有关条款或规定,后者指不要影响或损害其规限的事物。在汉语,其意思相当于在不损害的原则下在不影响的情况下 不受影响 不妨碍以及不规限等等。

  Without prejudice to section 24, the following shall be treated as properly executed.

  在不影响 第24条规定的情况下 ,

  在不违反 第24条规定的情况下 ,

  Subject to the Law and without prejudice to Article 8, all or any of the special rights for the time being attached to the shares or any class of shares may, unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, from time to time whether or not the Company is being wound up be varied, modified or abrogated either with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than threefourths in nominal value of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.

  根据本法之规定,并在不影响第8条规定的前提下,对于当时已附于相关股票或任何等级股票上的部分或全部特别权利而言,除在发行上述等级股票之时另有规定外,无论何时无论本公司是否已解散,均可予以修改修订或废止,但其前提条件为就此已取得了相关等级已发行股票票面价格总额四分之三以上持有人的书面同意,或就此已取得了该等级股票持有人召开的单独股会议所通过的特别决议之批准。

  4. Where引导的条件状语从句

  在法律英文,where引导的是法律条款的条件状语从句,相当于in the case where。 where 引导的条件状语与if和when引导的条件句在语法上没有任何分别,但if与when引导的条件句无论在普通文体还是在法律篇章都同样广泛使用,而以where 引导的条件状语从句在普通文体使用频率极低,在法律篇章则广泛使用。

  在香港,其最典型的译法是凡. or 如.e.g.

  Where a defendant is fined and the same is not paid, the court may order an auction of certain property

  凡是 被告被罚款,而没有给付罚金,法可拍卖被告的某些财

  5. Any person who does.shall

  在法律条例,尤其是在各地的刑法条例 或类似性质的条例,any person who does shall be guilty of an offence这种句型重复率相当高,因为刑法的主要功能是界定何种行为属于违法以及应受到怎样的处罚,而这个句型是其一个最简明直接的表达方式。在句法上,这个句型通常会把主语和谓语用逗号分开,间加插一个定语修饰词。

  以下是典型的例句及其若干变种

  Any person who, offers any advantage , shall be guilty of an offence.

  任何人向提供任何利益﹐即属犯罪。

  A person who makes any false statement in answer to a notice under subsection 1 shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable to a fine of 20,000 and to imprisonment for 1 year.

  任何人在响应根据第1款发出的通知书时故意作出虚假陈述,即属犯罪,可处罚款20,000港币和1年监禁。

  Any person in respect of whom an order under subsection 1 has been made who contravenes the order commits an offence and is liable to a fine of 50,000 and to imprisonment for 12 months.

  受法庭根据第1款所作命令限制的人如违反该命令﹐即属犯罪﹐可处罚款50,000港币并处12个月监禁。

  在法律汉语,的结构既可以表示纯粹的法律条件,也可用于界定刑事罪名或定性违法犯罪者,有时两者本身就难以区分。后两种情况下可以使用anyone who,whoever甚至where等引导的结构进行翻译。

  6. For the purposes of.

  这一个常用句式的purpose 可以是复数,也可以是单数,但这里主要讨论的是以复数形式出现的for the purposes of。惯普通英语的人通常都会认为翻译含有这个短语的字句可以不费任何心思为了目的便是其对应的译文。但是,在法律英语,该短语的翻译却不尽然。更多时候应该翻译成就对条款本法而言本法所称的为施行条款协议基于意义上的

  For the purpose of protecting the rights of the seller,

  为了保护卖方的权利

  For the purpose of Article 3, Party A may send the notification to Party B for approval.

  为履行第三条,甲方可以向乙方寄送通知以核准

  For the purposes of this contract, China means .

  就本合同而言, 的意思是.

  For all purposes of this Agreement 对本协议所有规定而言

  a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes

  美联邦所得税意义上的合伙企业

  7. Provided that

  Provided that是一个普通英文很少使用的古旧词,但该句型在法律文书尤其是合约条款广泛使用。其用法与if 或 but非常类似,汉语的意思相当于倘若如果或但。该短语放在句首,引导出的是法律英语的一个条件分句,与ifwhen或where引导的法律条件句没有本质上的差异。

  Provided that there is a breach by the seller, the buyer shall be entitled to a damage of US400.

  如果=if卖方违约,卖方应向买方给付400美元的损害赔偿。

  但如果该短语之前存在一个主句,则它表示的是一个与之前的陈述相反的例外,相当于with the exception of ,但英译汉时不能译成除外,而是译成但或但是,所以法律界通常称这类句子为但书 proviso。E,g,

   for the purpose of paragraph 4 only, the term beneficial owner means. provided that .

  仅就第四段而言,受益所有人是指. 但是but .

   provided, always, that under no circumstances shall the General Partner be required to return more than the cumulative Carried Interest distributions net of any applicable tax liabilities attributable to the General Partner.

  但是,在任何情形下,普通合伙人退还的金额均无需高于其应得的累积附带权益分配指扣除任何适用税责任之后的净额。

  8. Notwithstanding

  介词notwithstanding 在法律英文的使用已达到司空见惯的程度。翻译带有该介词的法律英文句子并不难,因为它的译法跟although though even if 引导的状从并无太大分别,基本都可译成表示让步的尽管有的规定不论是否存在任何相反规定即使.但该词所引导的并非是一个让步状语从句,因为在惯用法上该词之后不跟从句,只跟名词短语。

  虽然该词也可作连词使用,后跟一个完整的让步状从,如He is honest, notwithstanding he is poor. 他虽贫穷,却诚实,但这种用法并非法律英语的典型用法。

  .Notwithstanding Clauses 7.3 and 7.4

  尽管有第 7.3 条或第7.4 条的规定

  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement

  不论本协议是否存在任何其他相反规定

  A person upon whom a call is made shall remain liable for calls made upon him notwithstanding the subsequent transfer of the shares in respect of which the call was made.

  对于就其所持股票需缴纳催缴股金的任何股而言,即使此后该股已转让上述股票,仍需对转让股票需缴纳的催缴股金负责。

  9. Save.

  在法律英文,save与exceptfor相同的介词,可汉译为除外 除非,否则。不管是save 还是 except for 之后都可跟一个名词性短语,也可以跟一个从句或另一个介词短语。

  此外,saveexcept as is provided stipulated 可以用另一个法律常用句式取代unless otherwise provided stipulated,功能与其相同,可以是一个标准的替代。

  10. In respect of.

  在普通英文,倘要表达一个与某事物有关的概念,最常用的介词莫过于regarding 或concerning。其余表达类似概念的词非常丰富,如in connection with, in relation to, relating等。但在法律英文,这些常用词似乎都太普通,正式程度欠奉。取而代之的则是in respect of 其变体in respect thereof,其最典型的译法是对于关于 有关 ,有时也可以翻译为就而言。

  The licensor shall conduct all legal proceedings in respect of any infringement of the licensed trademark.

  授权人必须 对 一切授权商标的侵权行为采取所有的司法程序

  the General Partner has received aggregate distributions pursuant to Clauses 7.3 and 13.2 attributable to such Limited Partner that exceed 20 of the excess of

  普通合伙人根据第7.3 条和第13.2 条获得的由该等有限合伙人分摊的分配总额超过以下两者之差的20

  11. 补充

  for the avoidance of doubt

  为避免疑义,兹明确规定

  without limiting the generality of

  在不限制的普遍适用性的前提下

  By reference to 基于

  By reference to 在上下文,指的是在计算时以之为参数变量进行计算,实际是必须采用的。如译为参照恐引起歧义,故直接译为基于。

   by reference to the Fund including the amount of Fund distributions, the value of Fund assets, or the results of Fund operations

  其价值完全或部分基于本基金包括本基金分配金额本基金资的价值或本基金的经营结果进行确定的金融工具或合同。

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